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SP dock recorder. for mobility.A Professional video camera (often called a Television camera even though the use has spread) is a high-end device for recording electronic moving images (as opposed to a movie camera, that records the images on filmstock). Originally developed for use in television Television studio, they are now commonly used for corporate and educational videos, music videos, direct-to-video movies, etc.

There are two types of professional video cameras: High end portable, recording cameras (essentially, high-end camcorders) used for Electronic news gathering and Electronic field production image acquisition, and Television studio cameras which lack the recording capability of a camcorder, and are often fixed on studio pedestals. Portable professional cameras are generally much larger than consumer cameras and are designed to be carried on the shoulder.

Technology It is common for professional cameras to split the incoming light into the three primary colors that humans are able to see, feeding each color into a separate pickup tube (in older cameras) or charge-coupled device (CCD). Some high-end consumer cameras also do this, producing a higher-quality image than is normally possible with just a single video pickup.

Studio cameras Most studio cameras stand on the floor, usually with pneumatics or Hydraulics mechanisms to adjust the height, and are usually on wheels. Any video camera when used along with other video cameras in a studio setup is controlled by a device known as CCU (camera control unit), to which they are connected via an optical, Triaxial cable or Multicore cable cable. The camera control unit along with other equipments is installed in the production control room often known as Gallery of the television studio. When used outside a studio, they are often on tracks. Initial models used analog (signal) technology, but digital models are becoming more common. Some studio cameras are light and small enough to be taken off the pedestal and used on a cameraman's shoulder, but they still have no recorder of their own and are cable-bound.

ENG cameras Often used in independent films, ENG video cameras are similar to consumer camcorders, and indeed the dividing line between them is somewhat blurry, but a few differences are generally notable:

They are bigger, and usually have a shoulder stock for stabilizing on the cameraman's shoulder
They use 3 Charge-coupled device instead of one (as is common in digital still cameras and consumer equipment), one for each primary color
They have removable/swappable lenses
All settings like white balance, Focus (optics), and Iris (camera) can be manually adjusted, and automatics can be completely disabled
If possible, these functions will be even adjustable mechanically (especially focus and iris), not by passing signals to an actuator or digitally dampening the video signal.
They will have professional connectors - BNC_connector for video and XLR for audio
A complete timecode section will be available, and multiple cameras can be timecode-synchronized with a cable
"Bars and tone" will be available in-camera (the bars are SMPTE (Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers) Bars similar to those seen on television when a station goes off the air, the tone is a test audio tone)
Finally, they will often use a professional medium like some variant of Betacam or DVCPRO.

Dock cameras Some manufacturers build camera heads, which only contain the optical array, the CCD sensors and the video coder, and can be used with a studio adaptor for connection to a CCU or various dock recorders for direct recording in the preferred format, making them very versatile. However, this versatility leads to greater size and weight, and dock cameras have become rare in recent years. They are, however, still favored for electronic field production and low-budget studio use, because they tend to be smaller, lighter, and less expensive than most studio cameras.

History

1926 to 1933 "Cameras" were a type of Video_camera_tube#Image_dissector using mechanical disk.

1936 saw the arrival of RCA's Video_camera_tube#The_iconoscope camera.

1946 RCA's TK-10 studio camera used 3" IO - Video_camera_tube#Image_Orthicon Tube with a 4 lens turret. The RCA TK-30 (1946) was widely used as a Field Camera.

The 1948 Dumont Marconi MK IV was a Image Orthicon Camera. Marconi's first camera was shown in 1938. - link to MK IV. EMI cameras from the UK, were used in the US in the early 1960s, like the EMI 203/4. - Ext. link. Later in the 60s the EMI 2000 an EMI 2001.

In 1950 the arrival of the Video_camera_tube#Vidicon camera tube made smaller cameras possible. 1952 saw the first Walkie-Lookie "portable cameras". Image Orthicon tubes were still used till the arrival of the Plumbicon.

The RCA_TK-40 is considered to be the first color television camera for broadcasts in 1953. RCA continued it lead in the high-end camera market till the (1978) TK-47, last of the high-end tub cameras. - Link to History of TV Books online

Ikegami introducted the first truly portable hand-held TV camera in 1962.

Philips' line of Norelco cameras were also very popular like models PC-60 (1965), PC-70 (1967) and PCP-90 (1968 Handheld). Philips/BTS-Broadcast Television Systems Inc. later came out with a LDK line of camera, like its last high end tube camera the LDK 6 (1982). Philips invented the Video camera tube#plumbicon pick up Video camera tube in 1965, that gave tube cameras a cleaner picture. BTS introduced its first HandHeld Frame transfer CCD- Charge-coupled device-CCD camera the LDK90 in 1987.

Bosch Fernseh marketed a line of high end cameras (KCU, KCN, KCP, KCK) in the US ending with the tube camera KCK-40 (1978). Image Transform (inUniversal City) used specially modified 24 frame KCK-40 for their "Image Vision" system. This had a 10Mhz bandwidth twice NTSC resolution. This was a custom pre HDTV video System. At its peak this system was used to make "Monty Python Live at the Hollywood Bowl" in 1982. This was the first major DI digital intermediate post production using a Film recorder for Film out.

Also See

NTSC
PAL
Video_camera_tube
RCA TK- line of Cameras
Marconi Company EMI - line of Cameras
Ikegami HL -line of Cameras
Sony
Fernseh KC- line of Cameras
Philips KD - line of Cameras
Norelco PC line of Cameras
Grass Valley (company) LDK - line of Cameras
Ampex
Hitachi SK- line of Cameras
Broadcast Television Systems Inc. LDK - line of Cameras
Allen B. DuMont
John Logie Baird
Film Chain
Digital cinematography

References

Sony professional cameras
Thomson: manufacturer of CCD based professional cameras, formally (Philips)
- History of RCA cameras